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Marine Systems Water Quality

Most abundant solutes in seawater

Constituents

(Ions)

Concentration

g/kg

Weight Percent

(%)
Chloride (Cl-) 18 .9799 1.9
Sodium (Na+) 10.5561 1.1
Sulphate (SO42-) 2.6486 0.3
Magnesium (Mg2+) 1.2720 0.1
Calcium (Ca2+) 0.4001 0.04
Potassium (K+) 0.3800 0.04
Bicarbonate (HCO3-) 0.1397 0.01
Bromide (Br-) 0.0646 0.0065
Trace Elements 0.633 0.1
total 35g/kg 3.5%
   

Seawater has an extremely complex chemistry, however a relatively few constituents make up the bulk of the components. The pie chart and table below present the main components.

 

 

 
Chlorine
18,980.
Sodium
10,561.
Magnesium
1,272.
Sulphur
884.
Calcium
400.
Potassium
380.
Bromine
65.
Carbon
28.
Oxygen
8.0
Strontium
8.0
Boron
4.8
Silicon
3.0
Fluorine
1.3
Nitrogen
0.78
Argon
0.58
Lithium
0.19
Rubidium
0.12
Phosphorus
0.07
Iodine
0.05
Barium
0.03
Indium
0.02
Aluminum
0.01
Iron
0.01
Zinc
0.01
Molybdenum
0.01
Selenium
0.004
Copper
0.003
Arsenic
0.003
Tin
0.003
Lead
0.003
Uranium
0.003
Vanadium
0.002
Manganese
0.002
Titanium
0.001
Thorium
0.0007
Cobalt
0.0005
Nickel
0.0005
Gallium
0.0005
Cesium
0.0005
Antimony
0.0005
Cerium
0.0004
Yttrium
0.0003
Neon
0.0003
Krypton
0.0003
Lanthanum
0.0003
Silver
0.0003
Bismuth
0.0002
Cadmium
0.0001
Tungsten
0.00001
Germanium
0.00001
Xenon
0.00001
Chromium
5. x 10-5
Beryllium
5. x 10-5
Scandium
4. x 10-5
Mercury
3. x 10-5
Niobium
1. x 10-5
Thallium
1. x 10-5
Helium
5. x 10-6
Gold
4. x 10-6
Praseodymium
2. x 10-7
Gadolinium
2. x 10-7
Dysprosium
2. x 10-7
Erbium
2. x 10-7
Ytterbium
2. x 10-7
Samarium
2. x 10-7
Holmium
8. x 10-8
Europium
4. x 10-8
Thulium
4. x 10-8
Lutetium
4. x 10-8
Radium
3. x 10-11
Protactinium
2. x 10-12
Radon
9. x 10-15