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zeta potential mixers with resonator from dryden aqua mechanical coagulation and disinfection without chemicals 

zpm  Zeta Potential Mixer is manufactured by Dryden Aqua from 100%, 316 grade stainless steel. The ZPM cavitates the water, helps kill cryptosporidia oocysts  and disinfect the water. Our ZPM also amplifies coagulation and flocculation reactions and can greatly improve the performance of AFM active filter media or sand filters. A ZPM unit should always be used prior to filters and as an injection point for flocculants such as  APF active poly floc.

Cavitation

The cavitation reactions in the ZPM especially when used with our resonator (optional add on extra) will cause mechanical coagulation and flocculation, even when chemicals such as aluminium flocculants are not used. However best results are achieved when a high performance coagulant / flocculent such as APF is injected into the ZPM. Our ZPM module also causes a controlled cavitation of the water that and shatter large organisms such as protozoa including giardia and cryptosporidia. The cavitation reactions can also provide a log2 reduction in bacterial levels.

 

Coagulation.   dissolved chemicals such as organic matter can not be removed by physical filtration, even ultra filtration or MBR systems will not physically remove dissolved organics. Injection of APF into the water via a ZPM unit will make dissolved chemicals coagulate to form small particles. APF and NoPhos will also remove arsenic and phosphate from the water.

Flocculation.   small particles in suspension including coagulated particles, will  join together to make larger particles that can be removed by AFM active filter media.  The process is known as flocculation and it generally uses +ve charged flocculent such as APF, PAC, amides or acrylics.   AFM has a surface -ve charge  so  the AFM filter bed will physically remove solids as well as adsorb solids on to its surface.  The Dryden Aqua products APF active polyfloc and ZPM zeta potential mixer therefore work best when combined with AFM active filter media in either a rapid gravity or pressure sand filter.

ZPM units with APF or NoPhos coagulation and flocculation with AFM

   1. reduces or eliminates dissolved organics
   2. arsenic and phosphate control
   3. bacteria are physically removed prevents ectotoxins and endotoxins

   4. cryptosporidium oocysts are physically removed

   5. Can reduce chlorine oxidation demand of water by up to 99%

   6. Nominal filtration of the water down to micron and sub-micron level

 

 ZPM units are all fitted with a 2 x ½” female threaded connections to facilitate injection.  The ZPM unit is also fitted with a 50mm female threaded socked to accept the Dryden Aqua resonator  to make a ZPMr unit for installation after the filters.  All ZPM units except the DN 50 is fitted with a 2" fem connection for the resonator.

 

zpmr

 

Most particles in water including bacteria and dissolved organics have a negative charge.  On passage through the Dryden Aqua ZPM some of the electrons giving the negative charge will be rubbed off and sent to ground via the earth. When some of the particles and organics change from negative to a positive electrical charge, the opposite charges attract to promote coagulation of dissolved organics and flocculation of the coagulated particles. By way of example, milk is a colloidal suspension of oil, simply by shaking milk you change the electrical charge density on the oil drops, the oil then coagulates to form butter, leaving behind a clear liquid. No chemicals have been added to the milk yet most of the oil has been removed. The standard Dryden Aqua ZPM unit will perform this task,  but we have now taken the technology a major step forward with the ZPMr unit.

 

The ZPM unit spins the water and causes cavitation, the resonator shakes the water molecules and causes a more intensive cavitation reactions.  Dryden Aqua can now disinfect and clarify water either without the use of oxidising agents or at least greatly reduced concentrations. ZPMr  is used as the injection point for chlorine or Dryden Aqua ACO active catalytic oxidation

The ZPMr makes the water treatment process and chemicals more effective.  However even without chemicals the ZPMr changes the hydrogen bonding of the water and makes it much more difficult for bacteria and algae to survive in the water.  


 

product code  flange size  Water flow
0.3bar differential
filter run phase

cubm/hr
Water flow
0.5bar differential
filter run phase

cubm/hr
Water flow
1 bar differential
filter back-wash

cubm/hr
drawings price
9.14.218  DN50 15 20  30 pdf prices
9.14.219  DN65 20 30 45 pdf prices
9.14.220  DN80  36 50  75 pdf prices
9.14.221  DN100  60 80  120 pdf prices
9.14.222  DN150  90 120  180 pdf prices
9.14.223  DN200  120 160 240 pdf prices
9.14.224 DN250  150 200 300 pdf prices
9.12.225 DN300 180 240 360 pdf prices
             
             

Related products

 

     AFM active filter media

     APF active poly floc

     NoPhos 

     Pressure filters DIN specification 

 

Typical applications

 

Application 1. Swimming pools, cooling towers and most recirculation systems

 

 

Zeta Potential hydrogen bonding and electrical charge density

 

The zeta potential of water or a liquid relates to the electrical charge density of particles  and dissolved components in the liquid.   The particles will predominantly have a negative charge, but some will be positive while others will have a neutral charge. 

 

If you have a solution of small particles such as a colloidal suspension of clay, or an oil colloidal suspension like milk or even red blood cells ,  all of the particles have a surface electrical charge.  Normally the charge is negative, and when the particles have the same electrical charge they will repel each other to remain as a stable suspension.  If the electrical charge density of the particles is changed this will have a  profound impact on the way the particles and liquid behaves.  If some of the particles are changed from negative to positive,  they will become attracted to other negative particles, dissolved components will coagulate and small particles will flocculate.  When this happens,  the clay particles drop out of suspension and the water becomes clear, milk becomes butter, and blood starts to clot .

 

The Zeta potential does not only controls particles in suspension or chemicals dissolved in water,  it will also dictate how the water molecules line up and behave with each other. This has the effect of changing the hydrogen bonding or surface tension of the water. Also if you can change the hydrogen bonding you then influence how easy it is for water to pass through desalination membranes, you reduce the amount of energy required to pump water through pipes, and blood flows through your veins more easily.

 

Hydrogen bonding and zeta potential also controls how nutrients and waste transported across semi-permeable membranes in all cells,  it dictates how bacteria can absorb nutrients and it controls the ability of any organism to osmoregulate.

 

The implications of hydrogen bonding and electrical charge density are profound,  not only in water treatment  but in every biochemical mechanism, including nutrition, medicine, and disease transmission.  At Dryden Aqua we  are at the forefront of this technology and are now using our understanding to develop new products such as www.WaterWasp.com  for mosquito and bacteria control.  We have also developed ACO  which is a new generation of coagulation and oxidation products. Indeed ACO will replace chlorine as an active disinfectant in many industries.

 

The zeta potential is related to and influenced by many mechanical, chemical and physio-chemical inter-reactions. Water chemistry is also all inter-connection, for example, if you change  the pH or mono-valent to di-valent cation ratio, this will impact on the redox potential, zeta potential, water clarity, and bacterial activity.  Indeed the simple act of just moving water or a liquid will impact on these parameters.

 

In addition to zeta potential control we are combining this with catalytic reactions and free radical generation and by this approach we are now able to impart water with a residual ability to disinfect without the consumption of any chemicals.