Zeta Potential hydrogen bonding and electrical charge density The zeta potential of water or a liquid relates to the electrical charge density of particles and dissolved components in the liquid. The particles will predominantly have a negative charge, but some will be positive while others will have a neutral charge. If you have a solution of small particles such as a colloidal suspension of clay, or an oil colloidal suspension like milk or even red blood cells , all of the particles have a surface electrical charge. Normally the charge is negative, and when the particles have the same electrical charge they will repel each other to remain as a stable suspension. If the electrical charge density of the particles is changed this will have a profound impact on the way the particles and liquid behaves. If some of the particles are changed from negative to positive, they will become attracted to other negative particles, dissolved components will coagulate and small particles will flocculate. When this happens, the clay particles drop out of suspension and the water becomes clear, milk becomes butter, and blood starts to clot . The Zeta potential does not only controls particles in suspension or chemicals dissolved in water, it will also dictate how the water molecules line up and behave with each other. This has the effect of changing the hydrogen bonding or surface tension of the water. Also if you can change the hydrogen bonding you then influence how easy it is for water to pass through desalination membranes, you reduce the amount of energy required to pump water through pipes, and blood flows through your veins more easily. Hydrogen bonding and zeta potential also controls how nutrients and waste transported across semi-permeable membranes in all cells, it dictates how bacteria can absorb nutrients and it controls the ability of any organism to osmoregulate. The implications of hydrogen bonding and electrical charge density are profound, not only in water treatment but in every biochemical mechanism, including nutrition, medicine, and disease transmission. At Dryden Aqua we are at the forefront of this technology and are now using our understanding to develop new products such as www.WaterWasp.com for mosquito and bacteria control. We have also developed ACO which is a new generation of coagulation and oxidation products. Indeed ACO will replace chlorine as an active disinfectant in many industries. The zeta potential is related to and influenced by many mechanical, chemical and physio-chemical inter-reactions. Water chemistry is also all inter-connection, for example, if you change the pH or mono-valent to di-valent cation ratio, this will impact on the redox potential, zeta potential, water clarity, and bacterial activity. Indeed the simple act of just moving water or a liquid will impact on these parameters. In addition to zeta potential control we are combining this with catalytic reactions and free radical generation and by this approach we are now able to impart water with a residual ability to disinfect without the consumption of any chemicals. |
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